[77][76], As the 1970s wore on, growing public exhaustion towards Trudeau's personality and the country's constitutional debates caused his poll numbers to fall rapidly in the late 1970s. His citation reads:[170]. [80], In the election of 1979, Trudeau and the Liberals faced declining poll numbers and the Joe Clark–led Progressive Conservatives focusing on "pocketbook" issues. You're frozen", and instead promoted a variety of small tax cuts to curb inflation. After chairing a series of increasingly acrimonious conferences with first ministers on the issue, Trudeau announced the intention of the federal government to proceed with a request to the British parliament to patriate the constitution, with additions to be approved by a referendum without input from provincial governments. Butler, Rick, Carrier Jean-Guy, eds. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. Through hours of archival footage and interviews with Trudeau himself, the 1990 documentary Memoirs details the story of a man who used intelligence and charisma to bring together a country that was very nearly torn apart.[173]. However, many Liberals still had reservations given that he joined the Liberal Party in 1965 and that his views, particularly those on divorce, abortion, and homosexuality, were seen as radical and opposed by a substantial segment of the party. Explore the mythology and history of John Ware, a Black cowboy and rancher who settled in Alberta prior to the turn of the 20th century, in this imaginative documentary by Cheryl Foggo. ", "Forty years on, Trudeaumania still lives", "Omnibus Bill: 'There's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation, "PM Trudeau won't let 'em rain on his parade", "2000: Justin Trudeau delivers eulogy for his father Pierre", "Confessions of a mobster: 'My job was to kill Pierre Trudeau, "Castro mourns for Trudeau, who stood up for him", "Closest friends surprised by Trudeau revelations", "October Crisis Timeline: Key Events in the October Crisis in Canada", Young Trudeau: Son of Quebec, Father of Canada, 1919-1944, Pierre Trudeau – Parliament of Canada biography, CBC Digital Archives—Pierre Elliott Trudeau: Philosopher and Prime Minister, 1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Leaders of the Official Opposition in Canada, Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General, The referendum on the Charlottetown Accord, 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972, Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States, American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Trudeau&oldid=1006464441, Canadian military personnel of World War II, John F. Kennedy School of Government alumni, Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec, Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour, Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada), Université de Montréal Faculty of Law alumni, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2016, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, All Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed, Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed from May 2016, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2012, Articles with dead external links from August 2020, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, As a Minister of the Crown and an elected Member of the, He was granted arms, crest, and supporters by the. Most Canadians do not know Ted Grant’s name, but they know his iconic shots. National Film Board of Canada. Posts Tagged “Pierre Trudeau” Bioshelters | What If Your House Could Grow Food Year-Round? Trudeau wrote and spoke out against both the Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accord proposals to amend the Canadian constitution, arguing that they would weaken federalism and the Charter of Rights if implemented. CBC Television. He was frequently known to use the term "walk in the snow" as a trope; he claimed to have taken a similar walk in December 1979 before deciding to take the Liberals into the 1980 election.[97]. Directors: Rohan Fernando ... Nearly 40 years ago, under the eye of visionary prime minister Pierre Trudeau, Canada began turning itself into the world's first truly multicultural state--a place where people from all nations could be at home. 2020 Manion Lecture: Program. Trudeau II: Maverick in the Making (2005, with Stéphane Demers as the young Pierre, and Tobie Pelletier as Trudeau in later years) portrays his earlier life. In his application he wrote that he had prepared for public office by studying public speaking and publishing many articles in Brébeuf. [122], Trudeau remains well regarded by many Canadians. How conflict between parents is reflected in the anguished drawing of a child. The notable exception was Lévesque, who, Trudeau believed, would never have signed an agreement. ISBN 0-7736-7244-3; Approaches to politics. A live panel will follow the lecture via webcast. [113], Belying his publicized social exploits, and nicknames like "Swinging Pierre"[114] and "Trendy Trudeau";[115] he was an intense intellectual with robust work habits and little time for family or fun. The forced "voluntary enrolment", was scathing.[22]:191. Toronto: General Paperbacks, 1990. In this way, his conception broadened beyond simply the relationship of Quebec to Canada. [142][unreliable source? Going into the leadership convention, Trudeau was the front-runner and a clear favourite with the Canadian public. [4] The British Parliament passed an act ceding to the Canadian federal government, full responsibility for amending Canada's national charter. [73], As the PQ began to take power, Trudeau faced the prolonged failure of his marriage, which was covered in lurid detail on a day-by-day basis by the English language press. Section 15, dealing with equality rights, has been used to remedy societal discrimination against minority groups. (National Film Board of Canada) Pierre Trudeau closes the conference. (1979). [26] He studied at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He established Canadian diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, before the United States did, and went on an official visit to Beijing. After his appointment as Prime Minister, he won the 1968, 1972 and 1974 elections, before narrowly losing in 1979. In this sense, he believed he was more like a Protestant than a Catholic of the era in which he was schooled. [16] He used his British passport instead of his Canadian passport in his travels through Pakistan, India, China, and Japan, often wearing local clothing to blend in. [19]:504[20]:60 In 1939, it was Lapointe who helped draft the Liberal's policy against conscription for service overseas. By 1984, the Progressive Conservatives held a substantial lead in opinion polls under their new leader Brian Mulroney, and polls indicated that the Liberals faced all-but-certain defeat if Trudeau led them into the next election. The Harvard dissertation remained unfinished when Trudeau entered a doctoral program to study under the socialist economist Harold Laski at the London School of Economics (LSE). Laporte was found dead on October 17 in the trunk of a car. [123] However, the passage of time has only slightly softened the strong antipathy he inspired among his opponents. [attribution needed] He studied philosophy under Dominican Father Louis-Marie Régis and remained close to him throughout his life, regarding Régis as "spiritual director and friend". He was devastated by the death of his youngest son, Michel Trudeau, who was killed in an avalanche on November 13, 1998. Toronto: General Paperbacks, 1990. [127] Trudeau's electoral successes were matched in the 20th century only by those of Mackenzie King.[128][129]. In 1984, Trudeau was romantically involved with Margot Kidder (a Canadian actress famous for her role as Lois Lane in Superman: The Movie and its sequels) in the last months of his prime-ministership[119] and after leaving office.[120]. Trudeau attended the prestigious Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf (a private French Jesuit school), where he supported Quebec nationalism. [29] Over a five-week period he attended many lectures and became a follower of personalism after being influenced most notably by Emmanuel Mounier. The documentary follows eight Generation Xers from various parts of Canada that have been impacted by former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's vision of a … New Release - Retracing Canada’s Black pioneers John Ware Reclaimed. As a candidate Trudeau espoused participatory democracy as a means of making Canada a "Just Society". [28] He did not finish his LSE dissertation. National Film Board of Canada - Producer As the new leader of the governing Liberals, Trudeau was sworn in as Prime Minister two weeks later on April 20. Stanfield proposed the immediate introduction of wage and price controls to help end the increasing inflation Canada was currently facing. [8], The Trudeau family can be traced to Marcillac-Lanville in France in the 16th century and to a Robert Truteau (1544–1589). [59], Although this response is still controversial and was opposed at the time as excessive by parliamentarians like Tommy Douglas and David Lewis, it was met with only limited objections from the public. Their third son, Michel (1975–1998), died in an avalanche while skiing in Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park. In Montreal in the early 1940s, we still knew nothing about the Holocaust and we tended to think of this war as a settling of scores among the superpowers. Bold indicates parties with members elected to the House of Commons. He was succeeded by John Turner, a former Cabinet minister under both Trudeau and Lester Pearson. Introd. ], As a social democrat, Trudeau sought to combine and harmonize his theories on social democracy with those of federalism so that both could find effective expression in Canada. [57], Trudeau's first serious test came during the October Crisis of 1970, when a Marxist group, the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) kidnapped British Trade Consul James Cross at his residence on October 5. In the beginning was water and sky. Some consider Trudeau's economic policies to have been a weak point. Later, when he travelled to Japan as Prime Minister, he was promoted to shodan (first-degree black belt) by the Kodokan, and then promoted to nidan (second-degree black belt) by Masao Takahashi in Ottawa before leaving office. Le testament légué par Pierre Elliot Trudeau à la jeune génération d ’après de nombreux témoignages de Canadiens francophones et anglophones. Both a visionary and an idealist, Trudeau changed the face of 20th century Canada, and his influence is still being felt today. The 1999 feature-length documentary by the National Film Board (NFB) entitled Just Watch Me: Trudeau and the '70s Generation explores the impact of Trudeau's vision of Canadian bilingualism through interviews with eight Canadians—including John Duffy—on how Trudeau's concept of nationalism and bilingualism affected them personally in the 1970s.[57]. She then collaborated on Jours de plaine (1990), co-directed by Réal Bérard and André Leduc. Trudeau and Lévesque had been personal rivals, with Trudeau's intellectualism contrasting with Lévesque's more working-class image. Trudeau presented a determined public stance during the crisis, answering the question of how far he would go to stop the violence by saying "Just watch me". His letters of recommendations praised him highly. Translated by I. M. Owen. It was, of course, on this date in 1980 that Pierre Elliott Trudeau entered the rarest membership status in the Prime Minister’s Club: He returned to … Despite his personal motto, "Reason before passion",[4] his personality and policy decisions aroused polarizing reactions throughout Canada during his time in office. Many politicians still use the term "taking a walk in the snow", the line Trudeau used to describe how he arrived at the decision to leave office in 1984. [86], In the debates in the legislature during the campaign leading up to the referendum Lévesque said that Trudeau's middle name was Scottish, and that Trudeau's aristocratic upbringing proved that he was more Scottish than French. In no small part, it defined him. [24] At Harvard, a predominantly Protestant American university, Trudeau who was French Catholic, and who for the first time was living outside the province of Quebec, felt like an outsider. Introd. [145][unreliable source?]. [4] When his father died in Orlando, Florida, on April 10, 1935, Trudeau and each of his siblings inherited $5,000, a considerable sum at that time, which meant that he was financially secure and independent. [4] On election day Ontario returned to the Liberal fold, and Trudeau and the Liberals defeated Clark and won a majority government.[84]. ... 100% (1 rating) 1. [18]:34 Trudeau described a speech he heard in Montreal by Ernest Lapointe,[18]:32–35 who was then Prime Minister William Mackenzie King's top adviser on issues relating to Quebec and French-speaking Canada. In 1986, Chartrand became working as a layout and colour artist. Trudeau was a Roman Catholic and attended church throughout his life. In Canada, as in most other countries with a Westminster system, budget votes are indirectly considered to be votes of confidence in the government, and their failure automatically brings down the government. He also continued to speak against the Parti Québécois and the sovereignty movement with less effect. Unlike Ryan and the Liberals, he refused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the referendum question, and noted that the "association" required consent from the other provinces. Pierre Trudeau was born in Montréal in October 1919. First Nations communities raised particular concerns with the proposed 1969 White Paper, developed under Trudeau by Jean Chrétien. At the federal level, Trudeau faced almost no strong political opposition in Quebec during his time as Prime Minister. [58] Five of the FLQ members were flown to Cuba in 1970 as part of a deal in exchange for James Cross' life, although they eventually returned to Canada years later, where they served time in prison. Learn more, Enfantillage, Pierre M. Trudeau, provided by the National Film Board of Canada, provided by the National Film Board of Canada, Kaspar (Inspiré de la vie de Kaspar Hauser). Pierre Trudeau famously described Canada’s relationship to the United States as being “like sleeping with an elephant” — whatever its temper or intentions, “one is affected by every twitch and grunt.”. [16] In his 1993 Memoir, Trudeau wrote that the outbreak of World War II in September 1939 and his father's death were the two "great bombshells" that marked his teenage years. [69] In October 1975, in an embarrassing about-face, Trudeau and new Finance Minister Donald Macdonald introduced wage and price controls by passing the Anti-Inflation Act. The cause of his death is still debated. Le?vesque had been in competition for most of their lives. [103] His son Justin delivered the eulogy during the state funeral which led to widespread speculation in the media that a career in politics was in his future. Posts Tagged “Pierre Elliott Trudeau” NFB.ca launches The Champions Series Today we’re launching The Champions, Parts 1, 2 and 3, Donald Brittain’s seminal documentary series on the lives of Pierre Elliott Trudeau and René Lévesque. National Student Paper Competition 2020 This statement recognized that while Canada was a country of two official languages, it recognized a plurality of cultures – "a multicultural policy within a bilingual framework". Canada more than ever welcomed American investments during the "stagflation" (high inflation and high unemployment at the same time) that hurt both nations in the 1970s. In 1991, Trudeau became a father again, with Deborah Margaret Ryland Coyne, to his only daughter, Sarah. [39], This first budget, was one of a series of unpopular budgets delivered in response to the oil shock of 1979 and the ensuing severe global economic recession which began at the start of 1980. In 1969, Trudeau along with his then Minister of Indian Affairs Jean Chrétien, proposed the 1969 White Paper (officially entitled Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian policy). "They were … Pierre Elliot Trudeau was Canada’s fifteenth prime minster, serving from 1968 to 1979 and again from 1980 to 1984. Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau PC CC CH QC FRSC (/ˈtruːdoʊ, truːˈdoʊ/ TROO-doh, troo-DOH, French: [pjɛʁ tʁydo]; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), also referred to by the initials PET,[1][2][3] was a Canadian politician who was the 15th prime minister of Canada and leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 1968 to 1984, with a brief period instead as Leader of the Opposition between 1979 and 1980. In October 1980, Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau introduces a tougher, more rigid national energy program (NEP). Several world politicians, including former US President Jimmy Carter and Fidel Castro, attended the funeral. It became one of the Liberal's most contentious policies. [18]:37 Harvard had become a major intellectual centre as fascism in Europe led to the great intellectual migration to the United States. (French: Coucou, Monsieur Edgar!) He published his memoirs in 1993. "[14]:25, From the age of six until twelve, Trudeau attended the primary school, Académie Querbes, in Outremont, where he became immersed in the Catholic religion. Donald J. Johnston, (ed). Just Watch Me: Trudeau and the '70s Generation (French title: Frenchkiss : La génération du rêve Trudeau) is a Canadian documentary film by Catherine Annau, produced in 1999 by the National Film Board of Canada.. Trudeau began practising the Japanese martial art judo sometime in the mid-1950s when he was in his mid-thirties, and by the end of the decade he was ranked ikkyū (brown belt). [83], Trudeau and the Liberals engaged in a new strategy for the February 1980 election: facetiously called the "low bridge", it involved dramatically underplaying Trudeau's role and avoiding media appearances, to the point of refusing a televised debate. [72] Trudeau responded with increasing anger at what he saw as nationalist provocations against the Federal government's bilingualism and constitutional initiatives, at times expressing his personal contempt for Bourassa. Aired: TVO: CICI, Toronto. Trudeau soon called an election, for June 25. This position garnered significant criticism for Trudeau, in particular from Quebec and First Nations peoples on the basis that his theories denied their rights to nationhood. He's a key figure in Quebec and Canadian history, an inspiration for several generations. [68] In September 1975 the popular Finance Minister John Turner resigned over a perceived lack of support in countervailing measures. How convenient would it be if your house produced food and energy instead of squandering both? Ullmann, Rebecca, Martha Balchunas. The western provinces blamed the devastating oil bust of the 1980s on the NEB which led to what many termed "Western alienation". In 1980, Chrétien was tasked with creating a constitutional settlement following the Quebec referendum in which Quebecers voted to remain in Canada.[88]. During a visit to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan on July 17, 1969, Trudeau met with a group of farmers who were protesting the Canadian Wheat Board. "[107], Described as a "swinging young bachelor" when he became prime minister, in 1968;[108] Trudeau dated Hollywood star Barbra Streisand in 1969[109] and 1970. [89][90] In his budget speech, MacEachen said that the global oil price shocks—in 1973 and again in 1979—had caused a "sharp renewal of inflationary forces and real income losses" in Canada and in the industrial world...They are not just Canadian problems ... they are world-wide problems. Prod & Dir: Susan Dando. The widely remembered perception is that Trudeau dismissed the protesters' concerns with "Why should I sell your wheat?" :65 Trudeau graduated from Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf in 1940 at the age of twenty-one. Directed by Donald Brittain and co-produced by the National Film Board of Canada and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the series follows Trudeau and Lévesque from their early years until their fall from power in the late 1980s. [32][33] When he returned to Montreal in 1949, Trudeau quickly became a leading figure opposing Duplessis' rule. In the end, much was achieved, but bitterness lingers with some over how the deal came … A Conversation with Pierre Trudeau. Maclean's 1997 and 2011 scholarly surveys ranked him twice as the fifth best Canadian prime minister.[131]. National Film Board of Canada to screen movie clips at Montreal-Trudeau Airport MONTREAL - Air travellers flying into Montreal can now watch Canuck film … Adams, Annmarie and Cameron Macdonnell, "Making Himself At Home: Cormier, Trudeau and the Architecture of Domestic Masculinity," Winterthur Portfolio 50 No 2/3 (Summer/Autumn 2016): 151–89. As a result of the February 18, 1980 Canadian federal election, the 32nd Canadian Parliament was controlled by a Liberal Party majority, led by Prime Minister Trudeau and the 22nd Canadian Ministry. ... (National Film Board of Canada) Lévesque responds after the conclusion of the 1981 Constitutional Conference. Beyond the specifics of the policy itself, this action signalled an openness to the world and coincided with a more open immigration policy that had been brought in by Trudeau's predecessor Lester B. Pearson. As Minister of Justice, Trudeau was responsible for introducing the landmark Criminal Law Amendment Act, an omnibus bill whose provisions included, among other things, the decriminalization of homosexual acts between consenting adults, the legalization of contraception, abortion and lotteries, new gun ownership restrictions as well as the authorization of breathalyzer tests on suspected drunk drivers. Trudeau criticized the Liberal Party of Lester Pearson when it supported arming Bomarc missiles in Canada with nuclear warheads.[36]. [106] He took retreats at Saint-Benoît-du-Lac, Quebec and regularly attended Hours and the Eucharist at Montreal's Benedictine community. Documentary | September 28, 2016 Popular tags. Turner claimed that "I had no option" but to let the appointments stand, prompting Mulroney to tell him, "You had an option, sir–to say 'no'–and you chose to say 'yes' to the old attitudes and the old stories of the Liberal Party."[99]. Posts Tagged “Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport” 70 Years of Animation, Part 1 – When Animation Marches Off to War *This post is a translation from French. The coupling of the direct and indirect influences of the charter has meant that it has grown to influence every aspect of Canadian life and the override (notwithstanding clause) of the charter has been infrequently used. ], Federalism in this context can be defined as "a particular way of sharing political power among different peoples within a state...Those who believe in federalism hold that different peoples do not need states of their own in order to enjoy self-determination. It’s free and it’s wonderful. [61] After a strong backlash of popular opinion against the agreement in Quebec, Bourassa stated Quebec would not accept it.[62]. [87] Trudeau promised a new constitutional agreement should Quebec decide to stay in Canada, in which English-speaking Canadians would have to listen to valid concerns made by the Québécois. Get the latest updates on NASA missions, watch NASA TV live, and learn about our quest to reveal the unknown and benefit all humankind. To many westerners, Trudeau's policies seemed to favour other parts of the country, especially Ontario and Québec, at their expense. [14]:25–27 From his earliest years, Trudeau was fluently bilingual which would later prove to be a "big asset for a politician in bilingual Canada. [85], The first challenge Trudeau faced upon re-election was the May 20, 1980 Quebec referendum on Québec sovereignty, called by the Parti Québécois government under René Lévesque. Five days later Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte was also kidnapped. [64] The election of 1974 focused mainly on the current economic recession. For instance, his Liberal party captured 74 out of 75 Québec seats in the 1980 federal election. Moreover, there were not at that time any pro-sovereignty federal parties such as the Bloc Québécois. Lapointe was aware that a new conscription crisis would destroy national unity that Mackenzie King had been trying to build since the end of World War 1. They separated in 1977, and were finally divorced in 1984. "[144], Trudeau's idealistic plans for a cooperative Canadian federalist state were resisted and hindered as a result of his narrowness on ideas of identity and socio-cultural pluralism: "While the idea of a 'nation' in the sociological sense is acknowledged by Trudeau, he considers the allegiance which it generates—emotive and particularistic—to be contrary to the idea of cohesion between humans, and as such creating fertile ground for the internal fragmentation of states and a permanent state of conflict". When Trudeau took office in 1968 Canada had a debt of $18 billion (24% of GDP) which was largely left over from World War II, when he left office in 1984, that debt stood at $200 billion (46% of GDP), an increase of 83% in real terms. Requiring NDP support to continue, the government would move to the political left, including the creation of Petro-Canada. Court challenges based on the Charter of Rights have been used to advance the cause of women's equality, re-establish French school boards in provinces such as Alberta and Saskatchewan, and to mandate the adoption of same-sex marriage all across Canada. [14]:24 His mother, Grace, "doted on Pierre"[14]:25 and he remained close to her throughout her long life. He argues, "in the age of the mass society, it is no small advantage to foster the creation of quasi-sovereign communities at the provincial level, where power is that much less remote from the people. Trudeau was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada on June 24, 1985. Moscovitch,Allan; Jim Albert eds. Trudeau Justin & Pierre Elliott (DVD) : This collection explores the legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau, with several major works from the NFB. Prefatory note by Jacques Hébert. A second great spiritual influence in Trudeau's life was Dominican. The following honours were bestowed upon him by the Governor General, or by Queen Elizabeth II herself: Trudeau received several Honorary Degrees in recognition of his political career. Other popular Trudeauisms frequently used are "just watch me", the "Trudeau Salute", and "Fuddle Duddle". [76] His action strained relations with the United States – from President Ford, future President Carter and the press – and subjected Canada to international condemnation and shame. Another skein in Trudeau's spirituality was a contemplative aspect acquired from his association with the Benedictine tradition. Trudeau later appealed the ban and it was rescinded. In the documentary mini-series The Champions directed by Donald Brittain, Trudeau was the co-subject along with René Lévesque. Québec’s exclusion undermined the legitimacy of the final deal in the minds of many, both in Québec and across the country. [130] However, these trends were present in most western countries at the time, including the United States. Trudeau was a strong advocate for a federalist model of government in Canada, developing and promoting his ideas in response and contrast to strengthening Quebec nationalist movements, for instance the social and political atmosphere created during Maurice Duplessis' time in power. One National Film Board film on the topic, Donald Britten's The Champions (1986) about Trudeau and his political opponent René Lévesque, is out of release so there is a need for an authoritative perspective. Film sans paroles. The late 1970s saw a more sympathetic American attitude toward Canadian political and economic needs, the pardoning of draft evaders who had moved to Canada, and the passing of old sore points such as Watergate and the Vietnam War. He admired the labour unions, which were tied to the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), and tried to infuse his Liberal party with some of their reformist zeal. July 17, 2019 By Helen Metella. [52] More controversial than the declaration (which was backed by the NDP and, with some opposition in caucus, the PCs) was the implementation of the Act's principles: between 1966 and 1976, the francophone proportion of the civil service and military doubled, causing alarm in some sections of anglophone Canada that they were being disadvantaged. NASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. The Champions, Part 1: Unlikely Warriors by Donald Brittain, National Film Board of Canada. Welcome to Denmark! [112], On March 4, 1971, while Prime Minister, Trudeau quietly wed 22-year-old Margaret Sinclair, who was 29 years younger, at St. Stephen's Roman Catholic parish church in North Vancouver. Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau, 2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, http://gg.ca/honour.aspx?id=1688&t=12&ln=Trudeau, Centennial Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal, 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal, Pierre Elliott Trudeau French Immersion Public School, Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, Just Watch Me: Trudeau and the '70s Generation, Canadian Institute of International Affairs, History of the Quebec sovereignty movement, List of Canadian federal general elections, "New books put Trudeaumania in fresh perspective", "Deborah Coyne, mère de l'enfant illégitime de PET, sera candidate", "L'aéroport de Dorval devient l'aéroport PET", "Pierre Trudeau Is Dead at 80; Dashing Fighter for Canada", "Trudeau's win ushers in Canada's first political dynasty", "Official Languages Act – 1985, c. 31 (4th Supp.